本研究は，大学4年間で選手のスポーツ場面における自己調整学習能力が向上した大学野球チームを題材に，スポーツ場面における自己調整学習能力を向上させるための具体的な取組事例 (指導事例) について，PDCAサイクルに従って報告することを目的とした．計画:対象者はA大学野球部員9名であった．A大学野球部が実施する様々な活動の中で，特にスポーツ場面における自己調整学習能力が向上すると予想される主な活動をマイルストーン，各種測定テスト，監督との個人面談，野球教室の4つとした．実行:1年を通じて様々な活動を実行し，質問紙調査にてスポーツ場面における自己調整学習能力の変遷と自己調整学習能力向上に対する各活動の関与度を調査した．評価:スポーツ版自己調整学習尺度の得点が高学年になるに連れて有意に向上したことから，A大学野球部が行った活動はスポーツにおける自己調整学習能力の向上に効果的であることが示唆された．改善:各活動を更に効果的なものにするために，対象選手の各活動に対する評価を参考にして改善案を示した．実際に行った活動を詳細に記述することによって，大学野球選手のスポーツ場面における自己調整学習能力を向上させるための知見が指導現場で活かされる可能性が高くなると考えられる．

Four years’ coaching with a PDCA cycle aimed at improving university baseball players’ self-regulated learning ability
The present study reports results of four years of coaching with a Plan, Do, Check, Action (PDCA) cycle that was aimed at improving the self-regulated learning ability of university baseball players. Plan: The participants were 9 members of A university’s baseball team. From the various activities of the baseball team, four activities that might benefit from improved self-regulated ability were selected: milestones, measuring tests, personal meetings with the coach, and baseball classes. Do: Various activities were conducted throughout each of the four years, and changes in self-regulated learning ability and the possible contribution of each of the four activities were reported by the participants on a self-report form. Check: The scores on self-regulated learning ability improved significantly each year. That suggests that these activities may have had an effect on the improvements in self-regulated learning ability. Action: In order to make the activities even more effective, an improvement plan was developed, based on an evaluation of the various activities. Use of this plan may increase the possibility of utilizing knowledge from this program for coaching self-regulated learning ability in various sports.

本実践は，テニスのサービスのパフォーマンスを向上するための言葉かけによるコーチングを中心とした取り組みとその効果について検証したものである．対象者は地方大学テニス選手で，取り組み前後のサービス測定を行うことができ，かつ取り組み前後の試合データを収集できた男子6名であった．取り組みの期間はおよそ4ヶ月であった．主な取り組みの内容はサービスに関する考え方のレクチャーと，通常の練習の中でのレクチャーの内容に基づいたサービスに関するコーチングであった．レクチャーで伝えた主な内容は，�@ダブルフォールトを恐れないこと�Aサービスによって得点につながるよう，「威力」を増すこと�B1stサービスと2ndサービスでスイングスピードが変わらないようにすること，などであった．練習においてはサービスの技術的ポイントを意識する練習やスイングスピードを上げる練習，回転をかけるラケットワークに関する練習などを行い，コーチングとしてそれらを後押しする声かけを行なった．取り組みの結果，サービス測定における1stサービスのスピードの向上と，試合におけるサービスに関わるポイントの割合の増加という改善点が見られた．

A new coaching method aimed at improving players’ service performance in tennis
The present study examined a new coaching method in which verbal advice is given to tennis players from time to time in order to improve their serves. The participants were 6 male university tennis players for whom data on their serves and games were available, so that their performance before and after being coached with this method could be compared. Their coach used the method for 4 months. The major coaching items were lectures on general ideas about serving, plus daily practice of the points discussed in the lectures. The lectures covered (a) not being afraid of double faults, (b) increasing the power of their serves in order to get the service point, and (c) keeping their swing speed constant in the first and second serves. The participants were told that, in order to increase the value of their practice, they should try, when practicing, to be conscious of technical points involved in serving, to increase the speed of their swing, to use their racket to put spin on the ball, and to follow the coach’s verbal advice. After the coaching with verbal advice, improvements were observed during competitions in the speed of the ball on the first serve and in service points.

本研究は，切り返し能力と片脚側方跳躍能力との関係性を明らかにすることを目的とした．被検者は，大学女子バスケットボール選手13名であった．試技は，切り返し能力および側方への片脚跳躍能力を測定するものとした．切り返し能力の測定では，3 m区間の往復サイドステップを行わせ，減速局面および加速局面の平均力（Cutting index）を求めた．片脚側方跳躍能力の測定では，側方スクワットジャンプ（Side SQJ），側方カウンタームーブメントジャンプ（Side CMJ），側方ジャンプ（Side J）の3種類を行わせ，跳躍能力指標（Jump index）を求めた．本研究では，切り返し動作における局面ごとのCutting indexと3種類のJump indexとの相関係数を求めた．その結果，加速局面におけるCutting indexとSide J indexとの間に有意な相関関係がみられた．すなわち，3種類の片脚側方跳躍の中でも，全身の反動を用いて跳躍するSide Jが切り返し動作の加速に関与する力発揮との関係性が強いことが示された.

Relation between female basketball players’ performance when turning around 180 degrees and when jumping sideways on one leg
The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between basketball players’ performance when turning 180 degrees and when jumping to the side on one leg. The participants, 13 female university basketball players, were asked to perform with the maximum possible power. The measurements of the participants’ turning ability were made while they repeatedly jumped to the side, turning to the back and front, within 3 meters; the average force (cutting index) of the deceleration and acceleration phases was calculated. The measurements of their performance when jumping to the side on one leg were made while the participants did three types of jumps: side squat jump (side SQJ), side counter-movement jump (side CMJ) and side jump (side J). A jump ability index (Jump index) was calculated, and the correlation between the cutting index and the jump indices for the three types of types was calculated for deceleration and acceleration phases of the turning motion. A significant correlation was found between the cutting index in the acceleration phase and the side jump index. This suggests that among the three types of jumps compared, the side jumps, which use a reaction of the whole body, may have a strong relationship to the acceleration of power when turning.

本研究は，バレーボール選手の垂直跳の特性を明らかにすることであった．対象は，男子バレーボール選手19名，一般男子学生10名であった．測定項目は，反動動作や腕の振込動作を用いず跳躍を行う垂直跳（SJ），反動動作のみを用いた垂直跳（CMJ），反動動作や腕の振込動作を用いた垂直跳(ACMJ)の跳躍高であった．SJ，CMJおよびACMJは，バレーボール選手が一般男子学生よりも有意に高値を示した．また，バレーボール選手は，SJがCMJ，ACMJと比べ，またCMJがACMJと比べて有意に低値を示した．以上の結果から，垂直跳において，バレーボール選手は反動動作や腕の振込動作による効果が大きくSSC運動での筋発揮で跳躍高を獲得していることが明らかになった．

Comparison of 3 types of vertical jumps by male top-level college volleyball players
The present study investigated characteristics of the vertical jumps of volleyball players. Nineteen male top-level volleyball players and ten male students who had not particularly played any sport did vertical squat jumps (vertical jumps without counter movements or arm swings; SJ), vertical countermovement jumps (CMJ), and vertical countermovement jumps while swinging their arms (ACMJ). The player group’s jumps were higher for all three kinds of jumps than were those of the group without much sports experience. Also, the height of the player group’s jumps was significantly different among the three types of jumps. The highest jumps were the countermovement jumps done while swinging their arms; those jumps were higher than the countermovement jumps. The lowest jumps, among the three types of jumps, were the squat jumps. These results suggest that if volleyball players practice countermovement jumps while swinging their arms, they may achieve higher jumps as a result of improvement in the elastic recoil of the muscle-tendon complex in their legs.

バレーボールにおいてブロックは重要なプレーとして認識され，セットの勝敗に関わる要因の一つである．本研究はブロックにおける指導者の主観的な評価とブロックパフォーマンスをバイオメカニクスの複合的な観点から関係を明らかにすることを目的とし，コーチングの有用な知見となると考えた．対象は大学女子バレーボール選手15名を対象とした．また，評価者は，全日本学生選手権で優勝経験を有するA大学の監督およびコーチとした．実験はセッターからのトスが左右方向のいずれかにランダムに上がることを選手に伝え，ネット中央からトスに反応してブロックを行ってもらった．ブロック評価は「反応の速さ」，「移動の速さ」，「滞空時間」，「ブロックの高さ」，「総合的なブロック力」の5項目とし，評価者にはVisual Analog Scale(VAS)を用いて回答を得た．ブロックパフォーマンスはブロック評価から考えられる10項目を算出した．その結果，移動の速さとブロックの高さに関する項目が両者とも抽出されたことから，指導者のブロック評価は助走とブロックの高さが最も重要な項目であることが明らかになった.

Relation between a coach's subjective evaluations and the blocking performance of female university volleyball players
The block is recognized as an important play in volleyball for dominating the results of a game. The present study examined the relation between a coach’s subjective evaluations and volleyball players’ blocking performance from a biomechanical multiplex point of view in order to get information that might be useful for coaching. The participants were 15 female university volleyball players. The evaluators were a director and a coach at A university, which had won an All Japan University Student Championship. In the experiment, the players were requested to react to a toss launched by a setter in a random direction (right or left), blocking it at the center of the net. The evaluators used a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The participants’ blocking performance was evaluated with 5 measures: reaction time, speed of movement, airborne time, height of block, and total power of block. In the analysis of the results, items relating to the speed of movement and the height of the block were extracted by both evaluators. Thus, those two measures are considered to be the most important of the 5 items for the coach's evaluation of the players' blocking.

本研究では，長崎県在住の20歳以上の男女を対象とした平成27年度長崎県民のスポーツ実態に関するアンケート調査を分析し，長崎県における運動の実施状況の実態について明らかにするとともに，運動習慣化に関する要因を検討し，運動習慣化に向けた対策を考察した．長崎県民3,000名を対象にアンケートを郵送し，回答が得られた1,306名のうち1,186名を分析対象とした．その結果，運動習慣群の特徴は，60歳代以上や非就労者が多いことなどが挙げられた．これは，時間的余裕があることで，運動時間の確保が容易であるためであると推察された．また，運動実施が，主観的健康観や体力への自信につながっていることが推察された．一方，非運動習慣群は，20 歳代から 40 歳代の就労者が多く，運動を行いたいと考えているものの実際には運動実施に至っていない者が多く存在していた．ソーシャル・サポートや，運動環境の整備等により，運動への関心・意欲がある程度高いものの行動に移せていない者の運動習慣化を促していくことが，今後の課題であろう．

Survey of the active habits of healthy adults in Nagasaki Prefecture
The present study analyzed the results of a survey conducted in 2015 on the active habits of healthy people over 20 years of age in Nagasaki Prefecture, and proposes a way to measure their sport, outdoor recreation, and exercise activities. A questionnaire was sent by postal mail to a sample of 3,000 residents of Nagasaki Prefecture who were over 20 years of age. Of the 1,306 questionnaires that were returned, 1,186 were used in the analysis for the present study. The respondents who reported that they regularly engaged in sports, outdoor recreation, or exercises were mostly people over 60 who had retired. They have time to engage in enough activities that their health-consciousness was satisfied, and have self-confidence in their physical strength. On the other hand, the respondents who reported no custom of participating in sports, outdoor recreation, or exercises were mostly working people between 20 and 40 years old. They would like to engage in sports, exercising, and outdoor recreation, but cannot afford to. A theme for future study is how to provide social support and a sport- and exercise-friendly environment to people who are not active at present in spite of having an interest and desire to engage in sports, exercising, and outdoor recreation.

本研究は，アーティスティックスイミング（AS）競技におけるエキスパート指導者の指導観を可視化することを目的とした．調査対象者は，日本代表コーチとして経験を積み，エリート選手の育成と，AS競技の発展に多大な功績を残した指導者1名であり，その指導意図，指導の価値および指導の視点を分析した．1対1の対面インタビューによって収集された発話データは，SCAT法を参考にした質的分析により検討された．その結果，ASのエキスパート指導者は，指導の本質を選手主体の学びの支援と認識し，選手の変化に応じて自身の指導を振り返り，指導方法を模索するといった指導者としての基盤を持ち，具体的に実践していた．さらに，競技特性を見据えた環境づくりを行うことで効果的な学びを支援し，動きの修正を行っていた．

Examining the coaching methods of an expert coach of artistic swimming: clues gained from a SCAT analysis of in-depth, semi-structured interviews
The present study examined the opinions about coaching of an expert coach of artistic swimming (AS). This coach was chosen as the participant because she had been the coach of the Japanese national team and had contributed greatly to training elite artistic swimmers as well as to the development of artistic swimming. Utterance data about her philosophy and viewpoint of coaching were collected in face to face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews and then analyzed in order to enable a deeper examination. The Steps for Coding and Theorization (SCAT) method, a method of qualitative analysis of text commonly used in Japan, was utilized for the analysis. The analysis revealed that the coach believed that the core of coaching was supporting swimmers’ independent learning. Her basic coaching method was examining her own coaching in response to changes in the athletes’ swimming, in order to search for a better way. She practiced this method concretely. Furthermore, she prepared an environment suitable for supporting swimmers’ efficient learning of artistic swimming, and she corrected their movements.

本研究では，コートを9分割したzone別の自チーム軟攻決定率および自チーム軟攻からの相手チームのハイセット率を調査して，そこから見られるバレーボール競技における軟攻の有効性について検討し，基礎的な知見を得ることを目的とした．そして，結論として1. 軟攻決定率は全体で28.9%であった．軟攻の中で最も決定率が高い攻撃はプッシュで38.4%，次いでフェイント24.3%，ハーフショット24.1%の順であった．攻撃別のzone打数については，フェイントはフロントエリアのzone2，3，4に集中し，プッシュとハーフショットはzone8に集中していた．2. 自チーム軟攻から相手トランジションアタックでのハイセット率は，軟攻全体で31.4%であった．軟攻の中で最もハイセット率が高いのはフェイントで42.1%，次いでプッシュ25.9%，ハーフショットの24.7%の順であった．相手のハイセット率が高くなる攻撃とzoneは，ハーフショットのzone3で51.7%，フェイント攻撃のzone3が47.6%，同じくフェイント攻撃のzone2で46.4%であった．以上の結論から，軟攻は相手との駆け引きのもと得点に繋がること，自チームが守備から攻撃への切り替えに結びつけるための相手の戦術的動向を限定することの2点において有効性があるといえる．

Examination of effectiveness of the soft attack in volleyball at a women's university
The purpose of the present study was to obtain basic knowledge about soft attacks in volleyball competitions, specifically the effectiveness of soft attacks. The participating teams were the volleyball team at a women’s university and their opponents. The data were the participating team's soft attack decision rate for each zone, divided into 9 courts, and the percentage of high sets of an opponent team when responding to the team's soft attack. The results were as follows: (a) Soft attack decisions were 28.9% of the total. Of those, 24.3% were for feint decisions, 38.4% for push decisions, and 24.1% for half shot decisions. Of the nine courts, the number of attempts was concentrated in zones 2, 3, and 4 for feints, and zone 8 for push and half shots. (b) The results for high sets in the opponent team's transition attack following the participating team's soft attack were 31.4% for the overall soft attack, 42.1% for feints, 25.9% for pushes, and 24.7% for half shots. Specifically, high sets were concentrated in zone 2 (46.4%) and zone 3 (47.6%) for the feint, and zone 3 (51.7%) for the half shot. These results suggest that a soft attack may be most effective for two reasons: first, a soft attack may lead to points under bargaining with the opponent team, and second, a soft attack limits the tactical tendency of the opponent team to switch from defense to attack.

本研究の目的は，減量中にBCAAを補給する大学男子柔道選手を対象に，試合に向けた短期間減量の実態を明らかにすることとした．被検者は大学男子柔道部員7名とした．減量期間（最大10日間）および摂取カロリーはこれまで各々が実施してきた減量を基に決定し，減量は2 kg〜7 kg程度であった．また，減量期間中は，練習前にBCAAを摂取した．減量前後の評価は，体組成評価として体重，除脂肪量，脂肪量を，体力評価として握力，垂直跳び，背筋力を測定した．さらに，疲労状況の自覚症しらべに関する内省報告を取った．その結果，体重と除脂肪量は有意に減少したが，脂肪量は減少傾向を示すにとどまった．また，右握力が有意に向上し，その他の体力項目は維持された．疲労状況は，減量後に増加する項目が多くみられたが，カテゴリーの平均値が2.0を下回り，高い値ではなかった．以上のことから，大学男子柔道選手はそれぞれが経験則に基づいた摂取カロリーの抑制による減量を，3日から10日の期間で実施し，体力を維持したまま体重を低下させている実態が明らかとなった．しかし，BCAAを摂取しても除脂肪量が有意に低下していたことから減量方法については改善の余地があることが示唆された．

A body weight reduction in short-term for competition in collegiate male judo athletes: A case study of athletes taking BCAA supplements
The present study aimed to examine the effects on collegiate male judoka’s condition of taking branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) for short-term weight reduction before competitions. The participants were seven male university judo athletes. Each individual’s period of weight adjustment (up to 10 days) and calorie intake were decided based on the past results of his attempts to lose weight; the range was from two to seven kg of their body weight. In the weight adjustment period, they took BCAA before starting training in judo. Body composition measures included body weight, lean body mass, and fat mass; physical strength measures included grip strength, vertical jump, and back strength. Furthermore, subjects were requested to submit introspective reports so that subjective symptoms of fatigue could be checked. After the weight adjustment period, body weight and lean body mass were found to have been reduced significantly, but fat mass showed only a tendency toward reduction. Right-hand grip strength increased significantly; the other physical strength items measured were maintained without significant change. The reports of feelings of fatigue increased after the weight reduction period, but the average value was lower than 2.0, which is not very high. These results represent a case of collegiate male judo athletes who were attempting to adjust their weight by controlling calorie intake according to their own rule of thumb. Their body weight decreased within 3 to 10 days, while their strength was maintained. However, it should also be noted that, in addition to the weight reduction, the lean body mass of participants was reduced significantly after taking BCAA, suggesting the need for further improvement in this weight-adjustment method.

本研究では一人の400m ハードル選手の初レース（59.69 秒）から50.30 秒に達するまでの10 年間 の記録とレースパターンの変遷，および4 年間のレースパターン分析を用いたトレーニング実践事例を，対象者の主観的視点から記述し，記録向上に寄与した要因を検討した．その結果，10 年間という長期の記録とレースパターンの関係には横断的な先行研究と同様の傾向がみられた一方，高校期，大学期，大学院期ごとの関係はそれぞれ異なった．さらに，実際の記録更新時のレースパターンの変化は，中長期的な記録とレースパターンの関係性と必ずしも一貫しなかった．また，対象者は体力的要因の向上を土台に技術，戦術的要因を擦り合わせ，レースイメージの変容とともに記録を向上させており，レースパターン分析は目標のレースイメージに合目的的な体力，技術，戦術トレーニングを採用する際の指針となった．以上のことから，400m ハードル走では発達段階やレースパターンなどの個別性，目標設定のスパンにより効果的なトレーニング戦略は大きく異なる可能性があり，レースパターン分析は，個別のトレーニング課題設定時の指針として有用である考えられた．

Training a 400 meter hurdler: changes in race pattern and training practice based on an analysis of his race pattern over 10 years
The present study describes from subjective point of view the training experiences of a male 400 meter hurdler who improved from 59.69 sec to 50.40 sec in the course of 10 years, and proposes factors that may have contributed to his improvement, using changes in his results, race pattern, and training practice. Similar results were found in an earlier cross-sectional study of 10 years’ records and race patterns, although the reported relationship between the high school, university and graduate school results was not similar to that for the present participant. Furthermore, the change in his race pattern at the time of the record update was not consistent with the changes in the middle-range period. The hurdler achieved his results after improvements in his physical strength, technical and tactical elements, and changes in the race image. The analysis of the race pattern that was a guideline for selecting the physical, technical, and tactical training suggests that effective training strategies for the 400 meter hurdles may depend on individual elements such as developmental stage and race pattern, as well as objective goal setting. Thus analysis of the race pattern may be a useful guide for determining individual training programs.